EXPR(1)

NAME
expr - evaluate expression

SYNOPSIS
expr expression

DESCRIPTION
The expr utility evaluates expression and writes the result on standard output.

All operators are separate arguments to the expr utility. Characters special to the command interpreter must be escaped.

Operators are listed below in order of increasing precedence. Operators with equal precedence are grouped within { } symbols.

expr1 | expr2
    Returns the evaluation of expr1 if it is neither an empty string nor zero; otherwise, returns the evaluation of expr2.

expr1 & expr2
    Returns the evaluation of expr1 if neither expression evaluates to an empty string or zero; otherwise, returns zero.

expr1 {=, >, >=, <, <=, !=} expr2
    Returns the results of integer comparison if both arguments are integers; otherwise, returns the results of string comparison using the locale-specific collation sequence. The result of each comparison is 1 if the specified relation is true, or 0 if the relation is false.

expr1 {+, -} expr2
    Returns the results of addition or subtraction of integer-valued arguments.

expr1 {*, /, %} expr2
    Returns the results of multiplication, integer division, or remainder of integer-valued arguments.

expr1 : expr2
    The ``:'' operator matches expr1 against expr2, which must be a regular expression. The regular expression is anchored to the beginning of the string with an implicit ``^''. The regular expression language is perlre(1).

    If the match succeeds and the pattern contains at least one regular expression subexpression ``(...)'', the string corresponding to ``$1'' is returned; otherwise the matching operator returns the number of characters matched. If the match fails and the pattern contains a regular expression subexpression the null string is returned; otherwise 0.

    Parentheses are used for grouping in the usual manner.

EXAMPLES

1.  The following example adds one to the variable a.

     a=`expr $a + 1`

2.  The following example returns the filename portion of a pathname stored in variable a. The // characters act to eliminate ambiguity with the division operator.

     expr //$a : '.*/\(.*\)'

3.  The following example returns the number of characters in variable a.

     expr $a : '.*'

DIAGNOSTICS
The expr utility exits with one of the following values:

 0       the expression is neither an empty string nor 0.
 1       the expression is an empty string or 0.
 2       the expression is invalid.

STANDARDS
The expr utility conforms to IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX.2'').

AUTHOR
The original Perl implementation was written by Michael Robinson, smrf@sans.vuw.ac.nz. The current version was written by Michael Mikonos and is based on the C version by John T. Conklin.

COPYRIGHT and LICENSE
This program may be used under the terms of the Artistic License 2.0.