LilyPond 記譜法リファレンス: A.11.4 Music

### A.11.4 Music

`\accidental` alteration (an exact rational number)

  Select an accidental glyph from an alteration, given as rational number.

  >     \markup \accidental #1/2

  Used properties:

  - `alteration-glyph-name-alist`
`\coda`

  Draw a coda sign.

  >     \markup {
  >       \coda
  >     }

`\compound-meter` time-sig (number or pair)

  Draw a numeric time signature.

  >     \markup {
  >       \column {
  >         \line { Single number:
  >                    \compound-meter #3 }
  >         \line { Conventional:
  >                    \compound-meter #'(4 . 4) or
  >                    \compound-meter #'(4 4) }
  >         \line { Compound:
  >                    \compound-meter #'(2 3 8) }
  >         \line { Single-number compound:
  >                    \compound-meter #'((2) (3)) }
  >         \line { Complex compound:
  >                    \compound-meter #'((2 3 8) (3 4)) }
  >       }
  >     }

`\customTabClef` num-strings (integer) staff-space (number)

  Draw a tab clef sans-serif style.

`\doubleflat`

  Draw a double flat symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \doubleflat
  >     }

`\doublesharp`

  Draw a double sharp symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \doublesharp
  >     }

`\fermata`

  Create a fermata glyph. When direction is `DOWN`, use an inverted glyph. Note that within music, one would usually use the `\fermata` articulation instead of a markup.

  >      { c''1^\markup \fermata d''1_\markup \fermata }

  >     \markup { \fermata \override #`(direction . ,DOWN) \fermata }

  Used properties:

  - `direction` (`1`)
`\flat`

  Draw a flat symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \flat
  >     }

`\multi-measure-rest-by-number` duration-scale (non-negative, exact integer)

  Returns a multi-measure rest symbol.

  If the number of measures is greater than the number given by `expand-limit` a horizontal line is printed. For every multi-measure rest lasting more than one measure a number is printed on top.

  >     \markup {
  >       Multi-measure rests may look like
  >       \multi-measure-rest-by-number #12
  >       or
  >       \multi-measure-rest-by-number #7
  >       (church rests)
  >     }

  Used properties:

  - `multi-measure-rest-number` (`#t`)
  - `width` (`8`)
  - `expand-limit` (`10`)
  - `hair-thickness` (`2.0`)
  - `thick-thickness` (`6.6`)
  - `word-space`
  - `style` (`()`)
  - `font-size` (`0`)
`\musicglyph` glyph-name (string)

  glyph-name is converted to a musical symbol; for example, `\musicglyph #"accidentals.natural"` selects the natural sign from the music font. See The Emmentaler font for a complete listing of the possible glyphs.

  >     \markup {
  >       \musicglyph #"f"
  >       \musicglyph #"rests.2"
  >       \musicglyph #"clefs.G_change"
  >     }

`\natural`

  Draw a natural symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \natural
  >     }

`\note` duration (duration) dir (number)

  This produces a note with a stem pointing in dir direction, with the duration for the note head type and augmentation dots. For example, `\note {4.} #-0.75` creates a dotted quarter note, with a shortened down stem.

  >     \markup {
  >       \override #'(style . cross)
  >       \note {4..} #UP
  >       \hspace #2
  >       \note {\breve} #0
  >     }

  Used properties:

  - `style` (`()`)
  - `dots-direction` (`0`)
  - `flag-style` (`()`)
  - `font-size` (`0`)
`\note-by-number` log (number) dot-count (number) dir (number)

  Construct a note symbol, with stem and flag. By using fractional values for dir, longer or shorter stems can be obtained. Supports all note-head-styles. Ancient note-head-styles will get mensural-style-flags. `flag-style` may be overridden independently. Supported flag-styles are `default`, `old-straight-flag`, `modern-straight-flag`, `flat-flag`, `mensural` and `neomensural`. The latter two flag-styles will both result in mensural-flags. Both are supplied for convenience.

  >     \markup {
  >       \note-by-number #3 #0 #DOWN
  >       \hspace #2
  >       \note-by-number #1 #2 #0.8
  >     }

  Used properties:

  - `style` (`()`)
  - `dots-direction` (`0`)
  - `flag-style` (`()`)
  - `font-size` (`0`)
`\rest` duration (duration)

  Returns a rest symbol.

  If `multi-measure-rest` is set to true, a multi-measure rest symbol my be returned. In this case the duration needs to be entered as `{ 1*2 }`to get a multi-measure rest for two bars. Actually, it’s only the scaling factor that determines the length, the basic duration is disregarded.

  >     \markup {
  >       Rests:
  >       \hspace #2
  >       \rest { 4.. }
  >       \hspace #2
  >       \rest { \breve }
  >       \hspace #2
  >       Multi-measure rests:
  >       \override #'(multi-measure-rest . #t)
  >       {
  >       \hspace #2
  >       \override #'(multi-measure-rest-number . #f)
  >       \rest { 1*7 }
  >       \hspace #2
  >       \rest { 1*12 }
  >       }
  >     }

  Used properties:

  - `multi-measure-rest-number` (`#t`)
  - `width` (`8`)
  - `expand-limit` (`10`)
  - `hair-thickness` (`2.0`)
  - `thick-thickness` (`6.6`)
  - `word-space`
  - `style` (`()`)
  - `font-size` (`0`)
  - `style` (`()`)
  - `ledgers` (`(-1 0 1)`)
  - `font-size` (`0`)
`\rest-by-number` log (integer) dot-count (integer)

  A rest symbol.

  For duration logs specified with property `ledgers`, rest symbols with ledger lines are selected.

  >     \markup {
  >       \rest-by-number #3 #2
  >       \hspace #2
  >       \rest-by-number #0 #1
  >     }

  Used properties:

  - `style` (`()`)
  - `ledgers` (`(-1 0 1)`)
  - `font-size` (`0`)
`\rhythm` music (music)

  An embedded rhythmic pattern.

  >     \relative {
  >       \tempo \markup {
  >         Swing
  >         \hspace #0.4
  >         \rhythm { 8[ 8] } = \rhythm { \tuplet 3/2 { 4 8 } }
  >       }
  >       b8 g' c, d ees d16 ees d c r8
  >     }

  Within `\rhythm`, there is no time signature and no division in measures (as with `\cadenzaOn`, see 無韻律の音楽). Beaming must be added explicitly with the syntax explained in 手動連桁.

  >     \markup {
  >       The rhythmic pattern \rhythm { 16[ 8 16] } is
  >       a type of syncopation.
  >     }

  `\stemDown` can be used to flip the stems.

  >     \markup \rhythm { \stemDown 8 16 8 }

  `\rhythm` works by creating a `StandaloneRhythmVoice` context. The parents of this context are `StandaloneRhythmStaff` and `StandaloneRhythmScore`. It is possible to apply global tweaks to the output by using a `\layout` block.

  >     \layout {
  >       \context {
  >         \StandaloneRhythmVoice
  >         \xNotesOn
  >       }
  >     }

  >     \markup \rhythm { 8 16 8 }

  Note: `rhythm` does not work when its argument is a single duration, e.g., `rhythm { 8 }`. Use extra braces: `rhythm { { 8 } }`.

  Used properties:

  - `font-size` (`-2`)
`\score` score (score)

  Inline an image of music. The reference point (usually the middle staff line) of the lowest staff in the top system is placed on the baseline.

  >     \markup {
  >       \score {
  >         \new PianoStaff <<
  >           \new Staff \relative c' {
  >             \key f \major
  >             \time 3/4
  >             \mark \markup { Allegro }
  >             f2\p( a4)
  >             c2( a4)
  >             bes2( g'4)
  >             f8( e) e4 r
  >           }
  >           \new Staff \relative c {
  >             \clef bass
  >             \key f \major
  >             \time 3/4
  >             f8( a c a c a
  >             f c' es c es c)
  >             f,( bes d bes d bes)
  >             f( g bes g bes g)
  >           }
  >         >>
  >         \layout {
  >           indent = 0.0\cm
  >           \context {
  >             \Score
  >             \override RehearsalMark.break-align-symbols =
  >                #'(time-signature key-signature)
  >             \override RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
  >           }
  >           \context {
  >             \Staff
  >             \override TimeSignature
  >                        .break-align-anchor-alignment = #LEFT
  >           }
  >         }
  >       }
  >     }

  Used properties:

  - `baseline-skip`
`\segno`

  Draw a segno symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \segno
  >     }

`\semiflat`

  Draw a semiflat symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \semiflat
  >     }

`\semisharp`

  Draw a semisharp symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \semisharp
  >     }

`\sesquiflat`

  Draw a 3/2 flat symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \sesquiflat
  >     }

`\sesquisharp`

  Draw a 3/2 sharp symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \sesquisharp
  >     }

`\sharp`

  Draw a sharp symbol.

  >     \markup {
  >       \sharp
  >     }

`\tied-lyric` str (string)

  Replace ‘~’ tilde symbols with tie characters in the argument.

  >     \markup \column {
  >       \tied-lyric
  >         #"Siam navi~all'onde~algenti Lasciate~in abbandono"
  >       \tied-lyric
  >         #"Impetuosi venti I nostri~affetti sono"
  >       \tied-lyric
  >         #"Ogni diletto~e scoglio Tutta la vita~e~un mar."
  >     }

  Used properties:

  - `word-space`
`\varcoda`

  Draw a varcoda sign.

  >     \markup {
  >       \varcoda
  >     }

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