LilyPond 学习手册: 3.1.4 Articulations and dynamics

### 3.1.4 Articulations and dynamics

Articulations and dynamics are indicated by adding special codes after the notes to which they apply.

#### Articulations

Music Glossary: articulation.

Common articulations can be added to a note using a dash (‘`-`’) and a single character.

>     \relative {
>       c''4-^ c-+ c-- c-!
>       c4-> c-. c2-_
>     }

#### Fingerings

Music Glossary: fingering.

Similarly, fingering indications can be added to a note using a dash (‘`-`’) and the digit to be printed:

>     \relative { c''4-3 e-5 b-2 a-1 }

Articulations and fingerings are usually placed automatically, but you can specify a direction by replacing the dash (‘`-`’) with ‘`^`’ (up) or ‘`_`’ (down). You can also use multiple articulations on the same note. However, in most cases it is best to let LilyPond determine the articulation directions.

>     \relative { c''4_-^1 d^. f^4_2-> e^-_+ }

#### Dynamics

Music Glossary: dynamics, crescendo, decrescendo.

Dynamic signs are made by adding the markings (with a backslash) to the note:

>     \relative { c''2\ff c\mf c\p c\pp }

Crescendi and decrescendi are started with the commands `\<` and `\>`. The next dynamics sign, for example `\f`, ends the (de)crescendo, or the command `\!` can be used:

>     \relative { c''2\< c | c4\ff\> c c c\! }

#### 参见

Notation Reference: Articulations and ornamentations, Fingering instructions, Dynamics.

#### LilyPond — 学习手册 v2.24.4 (稳定分支).