// Copyright 2016-2025 The NATS Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package server

import (
	"errors"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/nats-io/nuid"
)

func stackFatalf(t *testing.T, f string, args ...any) {
	lines := make([]string, 0, 32)
	msg := fmt.Sprintf(f, args...)
	lines = append(lines, msg)

	// Generate the Stack of callers: Skip us and verify* frames.
	for i := 2; true; i++ {
		_, file, line, ok := runtime.Caller(i)
		if !ok {
			break
		}
		msg := fmt.Sprintf("%d - %s:%d", i, file, line)
		lines = append(lines, msg)
	}
	t.Fatalf("%s", strings.Join(lines, "\n"))
}

func verifyCount(s *Sublist, count uint32, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	if s.Count() != count {
		t.Fatalf("Count is %d, should be %d", s.Count(), count)
	}
}

func verifyLen(r []*subscription, l int, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	if len(r) != l {
		t.Fatalf("Results len is %d, should be %d", len(r), l)
	}
}

func verifyQLen(r [][]*subscription, l int, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	if len(r) != l {
		t.Fatalf("Queue Results len is %d, should be %d", len(r), l)
	}
}

func verifyNumLevels(s *Sublist, expected int, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	dl := s.numLevels()
	if dl != expected {
		t.Fatalf("NumLevels is %d, should be %d", dl, expected)
	}
}

func verifyQMember(qsubs [][]*subscription, val *subscription, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	verifyMember(qsubs[findQSlot(val.queue, qsubs)], val, t)
}

func verifyMember(r []*subscription, val *subscription, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	for _, v := range r {
		if v == nil {
			continue
		}
		if v == val {
			return
		}
	}
	t.Fatalf("Subscription (%p) for [%s : %s] not found in results", val, val.subject, val.queue)
}

// Helpers to generate test subscriptions.
func newSub(subject string) *subscription {
	c := &client{kind: CLIENT}
	return &subscription{client: c, subject: []byte(subject)}
}

func newQSub(subject, queue string) *subscription {
	if queue != "" {
		return &subscription{subject: []byte(subject), queue: []byte(queue)}
	}
	return newSub(subject)
}

func newRemoteQSub(subject, queue string, num int32) *subscription {
	if queue != "" {
		c := &client{kind: ROUTER}
		return &subscription{client: c, subject: []byte(subject), queue: []byte(queue), qw: num}
	}
	return newSub(subject)
}

func TestSublistInit(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	verifyCount(s, 0, t)
}

func TestSublistInsertCount(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistInsertCount(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistInsertCountNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistInsertCount(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistInsertCount(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	s.Insert(newSub("foo"))
	s.Insert(newSub("bar"))
	s.Insert(newSub("foo.bar"))
	verifyCount(s, 3, t)
}

func TestSublistSimple(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistSimple(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistSimpleNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistSimple(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistSimple(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subject := "foo"
	sub := newSub(subject)
	s.Insert(sub)
	r := s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub, t)
}

func TestSublistSimpleMultiTokens(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistSimpleMultiTokens(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistSimpleMultiTokensNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistSimpleMultiTokens(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistSimpleMultiTokens(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subject := "foo.bar.baz"
	sub := newSub(subject)
	s.Insert(sub)
	r := s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub, t)
}

func TestSublistPartialWildcard(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistPartialWildcard(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistPartialWildcardNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistPartialWildcard(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistPartialWildcard(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	lsub := newSub("a.b.c")
	psub := newSub("a.*.c")
	s.Insert(lsub)
	s.Insert(psub)
	r := s.Match("a.b.c")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 2, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, lsub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, psub, t)
}

func TestSublistPartialWildcardAtEnd(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistPartialWildcardAtEnd(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistPartialWildcardAtEndNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistPartialWildcardAtEnd(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistPartialWildcardAtEnd(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	lsub := newSub("a.b.c")
	psub := newSub("a.b.*")
	s.Insert(lsub)
	s.Insert(psub)
	r := s.Match("a.b.c")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 2, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, lsub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, psub, t)
}

func TestSublistFullWildcard(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistFullWildcard(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistFullWildcardNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistFullWildcard(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistFullWildcard(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	lsub := newSub("a.b.c")
	fsub := newSub("a.>")
	s.Insert(lsub)
	s.Insert(fsub)
	r := s.Match("a.b.c")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 2, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, lsub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fsub, t)

	r = s.Match("a.>")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fsub, t)
}

func TestSublistRemove(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemove(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRemoveNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemove(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRemove(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subject := "a.b.c.d"
	sub := newSub(subject)
	s.Insert(sub)
	verifyCount(s, 1, t)
	r := s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	s.Remove(newSub("a.b.c"))
	verifyCount(s, 1, t)
	s.Remove(sub)
	verifyCount(s, 0, t)
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
}

func TestSublistRemoveWildcard(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveWildcard(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRemoveWildcardNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveWildcard(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRemoveWildcard(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subject := "a.b.c.d"
	sub := newSub(subject)
	psub := newSub("a.b.*.d")
	fsub := newSub("a.b.>")
	s.Insert(sub)
	s.Insert(psub)
	s.Insert(fsub)
	verifyCount(s, 3, t)
	r := s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 3, t)
	s.Remove(sub)
	verifyCount(s, 2, t)
	s.Remove(fsub)
	verifyCount(s, 1, t)
	s.Remove(psub)
	verifyCount(s, 0, t)
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
}

func TestSublistRemoveCleanup(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveCleanup(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRemoveCleanupNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveCleanup(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRemoveCleanup(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	literal := "a.b.c.d.e.f"
	depth := len(strings.Split(literal, tsep))
	sub := newSub(literal)
	verifyNumLevels(s, 0, t)
	s.Insert(sub)
	verifyNumLevels(s, depth, t)
	s.Remove(sub)
	verifyNumLevels(s, 0, t)
}

func TestSublistRemoveCleanupWildcards(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveCleanupWildcards(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRemoveCleanupWildcardsNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveCleanupWildcards(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRemoveCleanupWildcards(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subject := "a.b.*.d.e.>"
	depth := len(strings.Split(subject, tsep))
	sub := newSub(subject)
	verifyNumLevels(s, 0, t)
	s.Insert(sub)
	verifyNumLevels(s, depth, t)
	s.Remove(sub)
	verifyNumLevels(s, 0, t)
}

func TestSublistRemoveWithLargeSubs(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveWithLargeSubs(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRemoveWithLargeSubsNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveWithLargeSubs(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRemoveWithLargeSubs(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subject := "foo"
	for i := 0; i < plistMin*2; i++ {
		sub := newSub(subject)
		s.Insert(sub)
	}
	r := s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, plistMin*2, t)
	// Remove one that is in the middle
	s.Remove(r.psubs[plistMin])
	// Remove first one
	s.Remove(r.psubs[0])
	// Remove last one
	s.Remove(r.psubs[len(r.psubs)-1])
	// Check len again
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, plistMin*2-3, t)
}

func TestSublistInvalidSubjectsInsert(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistInvalidSubjectsInsert(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistInvalidSubjectsInsertNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistInvalidSubjectsInsert(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func TestSublistNoCacheRemoveBatch(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistNoCache()
	s.Insert(newSub("foo"))
	sub := newSub("bar")
	s.Insert(sub)
	s.RemoveBatch([]*subscription{sub})
	// Now test that this did not turn on cache
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		s.Match("foo")
	}
	if s.CacheEnabled() {
		t.Fatalf("Cache should not be enabled")
	}
}

func TestSublistRemoveBatchWithError(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistNoCache()
	sub1 := newSub("foo")
	sub2 := newSub("bar")
	sub3 := newSub("baz")
	s.Insert(sub1)
	s.Insert(sub2)
	s.Insert(sub3)
	subNotPresent := newSub("not.inserted")
	// Try to remove all subs, but include the sub that has not been inserted.
	err := s.RemoveBatch([]*subscription{subNotPresent, sub1, sub3})
	// We expect an error to be returned, but sub1,2 and 3 to have been removed.
	require_Error(t, err, ErrNotFound)
	// Make sure that we have only sub2 present
	verifyCount(s, 1, t)
	r := s.Match("bar")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub2, t)
	r = s.Match("foo")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	r = s.Match("baz")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
}

func testSublistInvalidSubjectsInsert(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	// Insert, or subscriptions, can have wildcards, but not empty tokens,
	// and can not have a FWC that is not the terminal token.

	// beginning empty token
	if err := s.Insert(newSub(".foo")); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatal("Expected invalid subject error")
	}

	// trailing empty token
	if err := s.Insert(newSub("foo.")); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatal("Expected invalid subject error")
	}
	// empty middle token
	if err := s.Insert(newSub("foo..bar")); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatal("Expected invalid subject error")
	}
	// empty middle token #2
	if err := s.Insert(newSub("foo.bar..baz")); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatal("Expected invalid subject error")
	}
	// fwc not terminal
	if err := s.Insert(newSub("foo.>.bar")); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatal("Expected invalid subject error")
	}
}

func TestSublistCache(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()

	// Test add a remove logistics
	subject := "a.b.c.d"
	sub := newSub(subject)
	psub := newSub("a.b.*.d")
	fsub := newSub("a.b.>")
	s.Insert(sub)
	r := s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	s.Insert(psub)
	s.Insert(fsub)
	verifyCount(s, 3, t)
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 3, t)
	s.Remove(sub)
	verifyCount(s, 2, t)
	s.Remove(fsub)
	verifyCount(s, 1, t)
	s.Remove(psub)
	verifyCount(s, 0, t)

	// Check that cache is now empty
	if cc := s.CacheCount(); cc != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Cache should be zero, got %d\n", cc)
	}

	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)

	for i := 0; i < 2*slCacheMax; i++ {
		s.Match(fmt.Sprintf("foo-%d\n", i))
	}

	checkFor(t, 2*time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond, func() error {
		if cc := s.CacheCount(); cc > slCacheMax {
			return fmt.Errorf("Cache should be constrained by cacheMax, got %d for current count", cc)
		}
		return nil
	})

	// Test that adding to a wildcard properly adds to the cache.
	s = NewSublistWithCache()
	s.Insert(newSub("foo.*"))
	s.Insert(newSub("foo.bar"))
	r = s.Match("foo.baz")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	r = s.Match("foo.bar")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 2, t)
	s.Insert(newSub("foo.>"))
	r = s.Match("foo.bar")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 3, t)
}

func TestSublistBasicQueueResults(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistBasicQueueResults(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistBasicQueueResultsNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistBasicQueueResults(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistBasicQueueResults(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	// Test some basics
	subject := "foo"
	sub := newSub(subject)
	sub1 := newQSub(subject, "bar")
	sub2 := newQSub(subject, "baz")

	s.Insert(sub1)
	r := s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 1, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub1, t)

	s.Insert(sub2)
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 2, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[1], 1, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub1, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub2, t)

	s.Insert(sub)
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 2, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[1], 1, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub1, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub2, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub, t)

	sub3 := newQSub(subject, "bar")
	sub4 := newQSub(subject, "baz")

	s.Insert(sub3)
	s.Insert(sub4)

	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 2, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 2, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[1], 2, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub1, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub2, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub3, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub4, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub, t)

	// Now removal
	s.Remove(sub)

	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 2, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 2, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[1], 2, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub1, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub2, t)

	s.Remove(sub1)
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 2, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[findQSlot(sub1.queue, r.qsubs)], 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[findQSlot(sub2.queue, r.qsubs)], 2, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub2, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub3, t)
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub4, t)

	s.Remove(sub3) // Last one
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 2, t) // this is sub2/baz now
	verifyQMember(r.qsubs, sub2, t)

	s.Remove(sub2)
	s.Remove(sub4)
	r = s.Match(subject)
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 0, t)
}

func checkBool(b, expected bool, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	if b != expected {
		t.Fatalf("Expected %v, but got %v\n", expected, b)
	}
}

func checkError(err, expected error, t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	if err != expected && err != nil && !errors.Is(err, expected) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected %v, but got %v\n", expected, err)
	}
}

func TestSublistValidLiteralSubjects(t *testing.T) {
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject(".foo"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo."), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo..bar"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo.bar.*"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo.bar.>"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("*"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject(">"), false, t)
	// The followings have widlcards characters but are not
	// considered as such because they are not individual tokens.
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo*"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo**"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo.**"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo.*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo*.bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo>"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo>>"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo.>>"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo>bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo.>bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject("foo>.bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidLiteralSubject(">bar"), true, t)
}

func TestSublistValidSubjects(t *testing.T) {
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("."), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject(".foo"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo."), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo..bar"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject(">.bar"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo.>.bar"), false, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo.bar.*"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo.bar.>"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("*"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject(">"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo*"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo**"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo.**"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo.*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo*.bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo>"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo.>>"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo>bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo.>bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject("foo>.bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(IsValidSubject(">bar"), true, t)

	// Check for embedded nulls.
	subj := []byte("foo.bar.baz.")
	subj = append(subj, 0)
	checkBool(isValidSubject(string(subj), true), false, t)
}

func TestSublistMatchLiterals(t *testing.T) {
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo", "foo"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo", "bar"), false, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo", "*"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo", ">"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo.bar", ">"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo.bar", "foo.>"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo.bar", "bar.>"), false, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("stats.test.22", "stats.>"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("stats.test.22", "stats.*.*"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo.bar", "foo"), false, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("stats.test.foos", "stats.test.foos"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("stats.test.foos", "stats.test.foo"), false, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("stats.test", "stats.test.*"), false, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("stats.test.foos", "stats.*"), false, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("stats.test.foos", "stats.*.*.foos"), false, t)

	// These are cases where wildcards characters should not be considered
	// wildcards since they do not follow the rules of wildcards.
	checkBool(matchLiteral("*bar", "*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo*", "foo*"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo*bar", "foo*bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo.***.bar", "foo.***.bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral(">bar", ">bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo>", "foo>"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo>bar", "foo>bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(matchLiteral("foo.>>>.bar", "foo.>>>.bar"), true, t)
}

func TestSubjectIsLiteral(t *testing.T) {
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo"), true, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo.bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo*.bar"), true, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("*"), false, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral(">"), false, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo.*"), false, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo.>"), false, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo.*.>"), false, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo.*.bar"), false, t)
	checkBool(subjectIsLiteral("foo.bar.>"), false, t)
}

func TestValidateDestinationSubject(t *testing.T) {
	checkError(ValidateMapping("bar", "foo"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo", "foo.bar"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*", "{{wildcard(1)}}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo.>", ">"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo.*", "bar.{{wildcard(1)}}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo.>", "bar.>"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo.*.>", "bar.{{wildcard(1)}}.>"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo.*.bar", "bar.{{wildcard(1)}}.foo"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo.bar.>", "foo.bar.foo.>"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*", "foo.{{wildcard(1)}}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*", "foo.{{ wildcard(1) }}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*", "foo.{{wildcard( 1 )}}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*", "foo.{{partition(2,1)}}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*.*", "foo.{{SplitFromLeft(2,1)}}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*.*", "foo.{{SplitFromRight(2,1)}}"), nil, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("*", "foo.{{unknown(1)}}"), ErrInvalidMappingDestination, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo", "foo..}"), ErrInvalidMappingDestination, t)
	checkError(ValidateMapping("foo", "foo. bar}"), ErrInvalidMappingDestinationSubject, t)
}

func TestSubjectToken(t *testing.T) {
	checkToken := func(token, expected string) {
		t.Helper()
		if token != expected {
			t.Fatalf("Expected token of %q, got %q", expected, token)
		}
	}
	checkToken(tokenAt("foo.bar.baz.*", 0), "")
	checkToken(tokenAt("foo.bar.baz.*", 1), "foo")
	checkToken(tokenAt("foo.bar.baz.*", 2), "bar")
	checkToken(tokenAt("foo.bar.baz.*", 3), "baz")
	checkToken(tokenAt("foo.bar.baz.*", 4), "*")
	checkToken(tokenAt("foo.bar.baz.*", 5), "")
}

func TestSublistBadSubjectOnRemove(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistBadSubjectOnRemove(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistBadSubjectOnRemoveNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistBadSubjectOnRemove(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistBadSubjectOnRemove(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	bad := "a.b..d"
	sub := newSub(bad)

	if err := s.Insert(sub); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatalf("Expected ErrInvalidSubject, got %v\n", err)
	}

	if err := s.Remove(sub); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatalf("Expected ErrInvalidSubject, got %v\n", err)
	}

	badfwc := "a.>.b"
	if err := s.Remove(newSub(badfwc)); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
		t.Fatalf("Expected ErrInvalidSubject, got %v\n", err)
	}
}

// This is from bug report #18
func TestSublistTwoTokenPubMatchSingleTokenSub(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistTwoTokenPubMatchSingleTokenSub(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistTwoTokenPubMatchSingleTokenSubNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistTwoTokenPubMatchSingleTokenSub(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistTwoTokenPubMatchSingleTokenSub(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	sub := newSub("foo")
	s.Insert(sub)
	r := s.Match("foo")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub, t)
	r = s.Match("foo.bar")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
}

func TestSublistInsertWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistInsertWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistInsertWithWildcardsAsLiteralsNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistInsertWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistInsertWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subjects := []string{"foo.*-", "foo.>-"}
	for _, subject := range subjects {
		sub := newSub(subject)
		s.Insert(sub)
		// Should find no match
		r := s.Match("foo.bar")
		verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
		// Should find a match
		r = s.Match(subject)
		verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	}
}

func TestSublistRemoveWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRemoveWithWildcardsAsLiteralsNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoveWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRemoveWithWildcardsAsLiterals(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	subjects := []string{"foo.*-", "foo.>-"}
	for _, subject := range subjects {
		sub := newSub(subject)
		s.Insert(sub)
		// Should find no match
		rsub := newSub("foo.bar")
		s.Remove(rsub)
		if c := s.Count(); c != 1 {
			t.Fatalf("Expected sublist to still contain sub, got %v", c)
		}
		s.Remove(sub)
		if c := s.Count(); c != 0 {
			t.Fatalf("Expected sublist to be empty, got %v", c)
		}
	}
}

func TestSublistRaceOnRemove(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRaceOnRemove(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRaceOnRemoveNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRaceOnRemove(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRaceOnRemove(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	var (
		total = 100
		subs  = make(map[int]*subscription, total) // use map for randomness
	)
	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
		sub := newQSub("foo", "bar")
		subs[i] = sub
	}

	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		for _, sub := range subs {
			s.Insert(sub)
		}
		// Call Match() once or twice, to make sure we get from cache
		if i == 1 {
			s.Match("foo")
		}
		// This will be from cache when i==1
		r := s.Match("foo")
		wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			for _, sub := range subs {
				s.Remove(sub)
			}
			wg.Done()
		}()
		for _, qsub := range r.qsubs {
			for i := 0; i < len(qsub); i++ {
				sub := qsub[i]
				if string(sub.queue) != "bar" {
					t.Fatalf("Queue name should be bar, got %s", qsub[i].queue)
				}
			}
		}
		wg.Wait()
	}

	// Repeat tests with regular subs
	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
		sub := newSub("foo")
		subs[i] = sub
	}

	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		for _, sub := range subs {
			s.Insert(sub)
		}
		// Call Match() once or twice, to make sure we get from cache
		if i == 1 {
			s.Match("foo")
		}
		// This will be from cache when i==1
		r := s.Match("foo")
		wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			for _, sub := range subs {
				s.Remove(sub)
			}
			wg.Done()
		}()
		for i := 0; i < len(r.psubs); i++ {
			sub := r.psubs[i]
			if string(sub.subject) != "foo" {
				t.Fatalf("Subject should be foo, got %s", sub.subject)
			}
		}
		wg.Wait()
	}
}

func TestSublistRaceOnInsert(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRaceOnInsert(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRaceOnInsertNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRaceOnInsert(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRaceOnInsert(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	var (
		total = 100
		subs  = make(map[int]*subscription, total) // use map for randomness
		wg    sync.WaitGroup
	)
	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
		sub := newQSub("foo", "bar")
		subs[i] = sub
	}
	wg.Add(1)
	go func() {
		for _, sub := range subs {
			s.Insert(sub)
		}
		wg.Done()
	}()
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		r := s.Match("foo")
		for _, qsubs := range r.qsubs {
			for _, qsub := range qsubs {
				if string(qsub.queue) != "bar" {
					t.Fatalf("Expected queue name to be bar, got %v", string(qsub.queue))
				}
			}
		}
	}
	wg.Wait()

	// Repeat the test with plain subs
	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
		sub := newSub("foo")
		subs[i] = sub
	}
	wg.Add(1)
	go func() {
		for _, sub := range subs {
			s.Insert(sub)
		}
		wg.Done()
	}()
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		r := s.Match("foo")
		for _, sub := range r.psubs {
			if string(sub.subject) != "foo" {
				t.Fatalf("Expected subject to be foo, got %v", string(sub.subject))
			}
		}
	}
	wg.Wait()
}

func TestSublistRaceOnMatch(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistNoCache()
	s.Insert(newQSub("foo.*", "workers"))
	s.Insert(newQSub("foo.bar", "workers"))
	s.Insert(newSub("foo.*"))
	s.Insert(newSub("foo.bar"))

	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wg.Add(2)
	errCh := make(chan error, 2)
	f := func() {
		defer wg.Done()
		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
			r := s.Match("foo.bar")
			for _, sub := range r.psubs {
				if !strings.HasPrefix(string(sub.subject), "foo.") {
					errCh <- fmt.Errorf("Wrong subject: %s", sub.subject)
					return
				}
			}
			for _, qsub := range r.qsubs {
				for _, sub := range qsub {
					if string(sub.queue) != "workers" {
						errCh <- fmt.Errorf("Wrong queue name: %s", sub.queue)
						return
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	go f()
	go f()
	wg.Wait()
	select {
	case e := <-errCh:
		t.Fatal(e.Error())
	default:
	}
}

// Remote subscriptions for queue subscribers will be weighted such that a single subscription
// is received, but represents all of the queue subscribers on the remote side.
func TestSublistRemoteQueueSubscriptions(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoteQueueSubscriptions(t, NewSublistWithCache())
}

func TestSublistRemoteQueueSubscriptionsNoCache(t *testing.T) {
	testSublistRemoteQueueSubscriptions(t, NewSublistNoCache())
}

func testSublistRemoteQueueSubscriptions(t *testing.T, s *Sublist) {
	// Normals
	s1 := newQSub("foo", "bar")
	s2 := newQSub("foo", "bar")
	s.Insert(s1)
	s.Insert(s2)

	// Now do weighted remotes.
	rs1 := newRemoteQSub("foo", "bar", 10)
	s.Insert(rs1)
	rs2 := newRemoteQSub("foo", "bar", 10)
	s.Insert(rs2)

	// These are just shadowed in results, so should appear as 4 subs.
	verifyCount(s, 4, t)

	r := s.Match("foo")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 22, t)

	s.Remove(s1)
	s.Remove(rs1)

	verifyCount(s, 2, t)

	// Now make sure our shadowed results are correct after a removal.
	r = s.Match("foo")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 11, t)

	// Now do an update to an existing remote sub to update its weight.
	rs2.qw = 1
	s.UpdateRemoteQSub(rs2)

	// Results should reflect new weight.
	r = s.Match("foo")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 1, t)
	verifyLen(r.qsubs[0], 2, t)
}

func TestSublistSharedEmptyResult(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	r1 := s.Match("foo")
	verifyLen(r1.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r1.qsubs, 0, t)

	r2 := s.Match("bar")
	verifyLen(r2.psubs, 0, t)
	verifyQLen(r2.qsubs, 0, t)

	if r1 != r2 {
		t.Fatalf("Expected empty result to be a shared result set")
	}
}

func TestSublistNoCacheStats(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistNoCache()
	s.Insert(newSub("foo"))
	s.Insert(newSub("bar"))
	s.Insert(newSub("baz"))
	s.Insert(newSub("foo.bar.baz"))
	s.Match("a.b.c")
	s.Match("bar")
	stats := s.Stats()
	if stats.NumCache != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Expected 0 for NumCache stat, got %d", stats.NumCache)
	}
}

func TestSublistAll(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistNoCache()
	subs := []*subscription{
		newSub("foo.bar.baz"),
		newSub("foo"),
		newSub("baz"),
	}
	// alter client's kind
	subs[0].client.kind = LEAF
	for _, sub := range subs {
		s.Insert(sub)
	}

	var buf [32]*subscription
	output := buf[:0]
	s.All(&output)
	if len(output) != len(subs) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected %d for All, got %d", len(subs), len(output))
	}
}

func TestIsSubsetMatch(t *testing.T) {
	for _, test := range []struct {
		subject string
		test    string
		result  bool
	}{
		{"foo.bar", "foo.bar", true},
		{"foo.*", ">", true},
		{"foo.*", "*.*", true},
		{"foo.*", "foo.*", true},
		{"foo.*", "foo.bar", false},
		{"foo.>", ">", true},
		{"foo.>", "*.>", true},
		{"foo.>", "foo.>", true},
		{"foo.>", "foo.bar", false},
		{"foo..bar", "foo.*", false}, // Bad subject, we return false
		{"foo.*", "foo..bar", false}, // Bad subject, we return false
	} {
		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
			if res := subjectIsSubsetMatch(test.subject, test.test); res != test.result {
				t.Fatalf("Subject %q subset match of %q, should be %v, got %v",
					test.test, test.subject, test.result, res)
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestSublistRegisterInterestNotification(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	ch := make(chan bool, 1)

	expectErr := func(subject string) {
		if err := s.RegisterNotification(subject, ch); err != ErrInvalidSubject {
			t.Fatalf("Expected err, got %v", err)
		}
	}

	// Test that we require a literal subject.
	expectErr("foo.*")
	expectErr(">")

	// Chan needs to be non-nil
	if err := s.RegisterNotification("foo", nil); err != ErrNilChan {
		t.Fatalf("Expected err, got %v", err)
	}

	// Clearing one that is not there will return false.
	if s.ClearNotification("foo", ch) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to return false on non-existent notification entry")
	}

	// This should work properly.
	if err := s.RegisterNotification("foo", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}

	tt := time.NewTimer(time.Second)
	expectBoolWithCh := func(ch chan bool, b bool) {
		t.Helper()
		tt.Reset(time.Second)
		defer tt.Stop()
		select {
		case v := <-ch:
			if v != b {
				t.Fatalf("Expected %v, got %v", b, v)
			}
		case <-tt.C:
			t.Fatalf("Timeout waiting for expected value")
		}
	}
	expectBool := func(b bool) {
		t.Helper()
		expectBoolWithCh(ch, b)
	}
	expectFalse := func() {
		t.Helper()
		expectBool(false)
	}
	expectTrue := func() {
		t.Helper()
		expectBool(true)
	}
	expectNone := func() {
		t.Helper()
		if lch := len(ch); lch != 0 {
			t.Fatalf("Expected no notifications, had %d and first was %v", lch, <-ch)
		}
	}
	expectOneWithCh := func(ch chan bool) {
		t.Helper()
		if len(ch) != 1 {
			t.Fatalf("Expected 1 notification")
		}
	}
	expectOne := func() {
		t.Helper()
		expectOneWithCh(ch)
	}

	expectOne()
	expectFalse()
	sub := newSub("foo")
	s.Insert(sub)
	expectTrue()

	sub2 := newSub("foo")
	s.Insert(sub2)
	expectNone()

	if err := s.RegisterNotification("bar", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	expectFalse()

	sub3 := newSub("foo")
	s.Insert(sub3)
	expectNone()

	// Now remove literals.
	s.Remove(sub)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(sub2)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(sub3)
	expectFalse()

	if err := s.RegisterNotification("test.node", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	expectOne()
	expectFalse()

	tnSub1 := newSub("test.node.already.exist")
	s.Insert(tnSub1)
	expectNone()

	tnSub2 := newSub("test.node")
	s.Insert(tnSub2)
	expectTrue()

	tnSub3 := newSub("test.node")
	s.Insert(tnSub3)
	expectNone()

	s.Remove(tnSub1)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(tnSub2)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(tnSub3)
	expectFalse()

	if !s.ClearNotification("test.node", ch) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to return true")
	}

	sub4 := newSub("bar")
	s.Insert(sub4)
	expectTrue()

	if !s.ClearNotification("bar", ch) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to return true")
	}
	s.RLock()
	lnr := len(s.notify.remove)
	s.RUnlock()
	if lnr != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Expected zero entries for remove notify, got %d", lnr)
	}
	if !s.ClearNotification("foo", ch) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to return true")
	}
	s.RLock()
	notifyMap := s.notify
	s.RUnlock()
	if notifyMap != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected the notify map to be nil")
	}

	// Let's do some wildcard checks.
	// Wildcards will not trigger interest.
	subpwc := newSub("*")
	s.Insert(subpwc)
	expectNone()

	if err := s.RegisterNotification("foo", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	expectFalse()

	s.Insert(sub)
	expectTrue()

	s.Remove(sub)
	expectFalse()

	s.Remove(subpwc)
	expectNone()

	subfwc := newSub(">")
	s.Insert(subfwc)
	expectNone()

	s.Insert(subpwc)
	expectNone()

	s.Remove(subpwc)
	expectNone()

	s.Remove(subfwc)
	expectNone()

	// Test batch
	subs := []*subscription{sub, sub2, sub3, sub4, subpwc, subfwc}
	for _, sub := range subs {
		s.Insert(sub)
	}
	expectTrue()

	s.RemoveBatch(subs)
	expectOne()
	expectFalse()

	// Test queue subs
	// We know make sure that if you have qualified a queue group it has to match, etc.
	// Also if you do not specify one they will not trigger.
	qsub := newQSub("foo.bar.baz", "1")
	s.Insert(qsub)
	expectNone()

	if err := s.RegisterNotification("foo.bar.baz", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	expectFalse()

	wcqsub := newQSub("foo.bar.>", "1")
	s.Insert(wcqsub)
	expectNone()

	s.Remove(qsub)
	expectNone()

	s.Remove(wcqsub)
	expectNone()

	s.Insert(wcqsub)
	expectNone()

	if err := s.RegisterQueueNotification("queue.test.node", "q22", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	expectOne()
	expectFalse()

	qsub1 := newQSub("queue.test.node.already.exist", "queue")
	s.Insert(qsub1)
	expectNone()

	qsub2 := newQSub("queue.test.node", "q22")
	s.Insert(qsub2)
	expectTrue()

	qsub3 := newQSub("queue.test.node", "otherqueue")
	s.Insert(qsub3)
	expectNone()

	qsub4 := newQSub("queue.different.node", "q22")
	s.Insert(qsub4)
	expectNone()

	qsub5 := newQSub("queue.test.node", "q22")
	s.Insert(qsub5)
	expectNone()

	s.Remove(qsub3)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(qsub1)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(qsub2)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(qsub4)
	expectNone()
	s.Remove(qsub5)
	expectFalse()

	if !s.ClearQueueNotification("queue.test.node", "q22", ch) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to return true")
	}

	if err := s.RegisterQueueNotification("some.subject", "queue1", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	expectOne()
	expectFalse()

	qsub1 = newQSub("some.subject", "queue1")
	s.Insert(qsub1)
	expectTrue()

	// Create a second channel for this other queue
	ch2 := make(chan bool, 1)
	if err := s.RegisterQueueNotification("some.subject", "queue2", ch2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	expectOneWithCh(ch2)
	expectBoolWithCh(ch2, false)

	qsub2 = newQSub("some.subject", "queue2")
	s.Insert(qsub2)
	expectBoolWithCh(ch2, true)

	// But we should not get notification on queue1
	expectNone()

	s.Remove(qsub1)
	expectFalse()
	s.Remove(qsub2)
	expectBoolWithCh(ch2, false)

	if !s.ClearQueueNotification("some.subject", "queue1", ch) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to return true")
	}
	if !s.ClearQueueNotification("some.subject", "queue2", ch2) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to return true")
	}

	// Test non-blocking notifications.
	if err := s.RegisterNotification("bar", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}

	if err := s.RegisterNotification("baz", ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}

	s.Insert(newSub("baz"))
	s.Insert(newSub("bar"))
	s.Insert(subpwc)
	expectOne()
	expectFalse()
}

func TestSublistReverseMatch(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	fooSub := newSub("foo")
	barSub := newSub("bar")
	fooBarSub := newSub("foo.bar")
	fooBazSub := newSub("foo.baz")
	fooBarBazSub := newSub("foo.bar.baz")
	s.Insert(fooSub)
	s.Insert(barSub)
	s.Insert(fooBarSub)
	s.Insert(fooBazSub)
	s.Insert(fooBarBazSub)

	r := s.ReverseMatch("foo")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("bar")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, barSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("*")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 2, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, barSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("baz")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("foo.*")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 2, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBarSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBazSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("*.*")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 2, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBarSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBazSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("*.bar")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBarSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("*.baz")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBazSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("bar.*")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("*.bat")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("foo.>")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 3, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBarSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBazSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBarBazSub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch(">")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 5, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, barSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBarSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBazSub, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, fooBarBazSub, t)
}

func TestSublistReverseMatchWider(t *testing.T) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	sub := newSub("uplink.*.*.>")
	s.Insert(sub)

	r := s.ReverseMatch("uplink.1.*.*.>")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub, t)

	r = s.ReverseMatch("uplink.1.2.3.>")
	verifyLen(r.psubs, 1, t)
	verifyMember(r.psubs, sub, t)
}

func TestSublistMatchWithEmptyTokens(t *testing.T) {
	for _, test := range []struct {
		name  string
		cache bool
	}{
		{"cache", true},
		{"no cache", false},
	} {
		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			sl := NewSublist(true)
			sub1 := newSub(">")
			sub2 := newQSub(">", "queue")
			sl.Insert(sub1)
			sl.Insert(sub2)

			for _, subj := range []string{".foo", "..foo", "foo..", "foo.", "foo..bar", "foo...bar"} {
				t.Run(subj, func(t *testing.T) {
					r := sl.Match(subj)
					verifyLen(r.psubs, 0, t)
					verifyQLen(r.qsubs, 0, t)
				})
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestSublistSubjectCollide(t *testing.T) {
	require_False(t, SubjectsCollide("foo.*", "foo.*.bar.>"))
	require_False(t, SubjectsCollide("foo.*.bar.>", "foo.*"))
	require_True(t, SubjectsCollide("foo.*", "foo.foo"))
	require_True(t, SubjectsCollide("foo.*", "*.foo"))
	require_True(t, SubjectsCollide("foo.bar.>", "*.bar.foo"))
}

func TestSublistAddCacheHitRate(t *testing.T) {
	sl1 := NewSublistWithCache()
	fooSub := newSub("foo")
	sl1.Insert(fooSub)
	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
		sl1.Match("foo")
	}
	stats1 := sl1.Stats()
	require_True(t, stats1.CacheHitRate == 0.75)

	sl2 := NewSublistWithCache()
	barSub := newSub("bar")
	sl2.Insert(barSub)
	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
		sl2.Match("bar")
	}
	stats2 := sl2.Stats()
	require_True(t, stats2.CacheHitRate == 0.75)

	ts := &SublistStats{}
	ts.add(stats1)
	ts.add(stats2)
	require_True(t, ts.CacheHitRate == 0.75)
}

// -- Benchmarks Setup --

var benchSublistSubs []*subscription
var benchSublistSl = NewSublistWithCache()

// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/31859
func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
	flag.StringVar(&testDefaultClusterCompression, "cluster_compression", _EMPTY_, "Test with this compression level as the default")
	flag.StringVar(&testDefaultLeafNodeCompression, "leafnode_compression", _EMPTY_, "Test with this compression level as the default")
	flag.Parse()
	initSublist := false
	flag.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
		if f.Name == "test.bench" {
			initSublist = true
		}
	})
	if initSublist {
		benchSublistSubs = make([]*subscription, 0, 256*1024)
		toks := []string{"synadia", "nats", "jetstream", "nkeys", "jwt", "deny", "auth", "drain"}
		subsInit("", toks)
		for i := 0; i < len(benchSublistSubs); i++ {
			benchSublistSl.Insert(benchSublistSubs[i])
		}
		addWildcards()
	}
	os.Exit(m.Run())
}

func TestSublistHasInterest(t *testing.T) {
	sl := NewSublistWithCache()
	fooSub := newSub("foo")
	sl.Insert(fooSub)

	// Expect to find that "foo" matches but "bar" doesn't.
	// At this point nothing should be in the cache.
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("bar"))
	require_Equal(t, sl.cacheHits, 0)

	// Now call Match(), which will populate the cache.
	sl.Match("foo")
	require_Equal(t, sl.cacheHits, 0)

	// Future calls to HasInterest() should hit the cache now.
	for i := uint64(1); i <= 5; i++ {
		require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
		require_Equal(t, sl.cacheHits, i)
	}

	// Call Match on a subject we know there is no match.
	sl.Match("bar")
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("bar"))

	// Remove fooSub and check interest again
	sl.Remove(fooSub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))

	// Try with some wildcards
	sub := newSub("foo.*")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	// Remove sub, there should be no interest
	sl.Remove(sub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	sub = newSub("foo.>")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	sl.Remove(sub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	sub = newSub("*.>")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.baz"))
	sl.Remove(sub)

	sub = newSub("*.bar")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.baz"))
	sl.Remove(sub)

	sub = newSub("*")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	sl.Remove(sub)

	// Try with queues now.
	qsub := newQSub("foo", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))

	qsub2 := newQSub("foo", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub2)
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))

	// Remove first queue
	sl.Remove(qsub)
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))

	// Remove last.
	sl.Remove(qsub2)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))

	// With wildcards now
	qsub = newQSub("foo.*", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	// Add another queue to the group
	qsub2 = newQSub("foo.*", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub2)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	// Remove first queue
	sl.Remove(qsub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	// Remove last
	sl.Remove(qsub2)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	qsub = newQSub("foo.>", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	// Add another queue to the group
	qsub2 = newQSub("foo.>", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub2)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	// Remove first queue
	sl.Remove(qsub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	// Remove last
	sl.Remove(qsub2)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar.baz"))

	qsub = newQSub("*.>", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.baz"))
	sl.Remove(qsub)

	qsub = newQSub("*.bar", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.baz"))
	sl.Remove(qsub)

	qsub = newQSub("*", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("foo"))
	require_False(t, sl.HasInterest("foo.bar"))
	sl.Remove(qsub)
}

func TestSublistHasInterestOverlapping(t *testing.T) {
	sl := NewSublistWithCache()
	require_NoError(t, sl.Insert(newSub("stream.A.child")))
	require_NoError(t, sl.Insert(newSub("stream.*")))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("stream.A.child"))
	require_True(t, sl.HasInterest("stream.A"))
}

func TestSublistNumInterest(t *testing.T) {
	sl := NewSublistWithCache()
	fooSub := newSub("foo")
	sl.Insert(fooSub)

	require_NumInterest := func(t *testing.T, subj string, wnp, wnq int) {
		t.Helper()
		np, nq := sl.NumInterest(subj)
		require_Equal(t, np, wnp)
		require_Equal(t, nq, wnq)
	}

	// Expect to find that "foo" matches but "bar" doesn't.
	// At this point nothing should be in the cache.
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 1, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "bar", 0, 0)
	require_Equal(t, sl.cacheHits, 0)

	// Now call Match(), which will populate the cache.
	sl.Match("foo")
	require_Equal(t, sl.cacheHits, 0)

	// Future calls to HasInterest() should hit the cache now.
	for i := uint64(1); i <= 5; i++ {
		require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 1, 0)
		require_Equal(t, sl.cacheHits, i)
	}

	// Call Match on a subject we know there is no match.
	sl.Match("bar")
	require_NumInterest(t, "bar", 0, 0)

	// Remove fooSub and check interest again
	sl.Remove(fooSub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)

	// Try with some wildcards
	sub := newSub("foo.*")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 1, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	// Remove sub, there should be no interest
	sl.Remove(sub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	sub = newSub("foo.>")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 1, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 1, 0)

	sl.Remove(sub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	sub = newSub("*.>")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 1, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 1, 0)
	sl.Remove(sub)

	sub = newSub("*.bar")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 1, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)
	sl.Remove(sub)

	sub = newSub("*")
	sl.Insert(sub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 1, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)
	sl.Remove(sub)

	// Try with queues now.
	qsub := newQSub("foo", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)

	qsub2 := newQSub("foo", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)

	// Add a second qsub to the second queue group
	qsub3 := newQSub("foo", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)

	// Remove first queue
	sl.Remove(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)

	// Remove second
	sl.Remove(qsub2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)

	// Remove last.
	sl.Remove(qsub3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)

	// With wildcards now
	qsub = newQSub("foo.*", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	// Add another queue to the group
	qsub2 = newQSub("foo.*", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	qsub3 = newQSub("foo.*", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	// Remove first queue
	sl.Remove(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	// Remove second
	sl.Remove(qsub2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	// Remove last
	sl.Remove(qsub3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	// With > wildcard
	qsub = newQSub("foo.>", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 1)

	// Add another queue to the group
	qsub2 = newQSub("foo.>", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 2)

	// Add another queue to second group.
	qsub3 = newQSub("foo.>", "baz")
	sl.Insert(qsub3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 3)

	// Remove first queue
	sl.Remove(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 2)

	// Remove second
	sl.Remove(qsub2)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 1)

	// Remove last
	sl.Remove(qsub3)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)

	qsub = newQSub("*.>", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 1)
	sl.Remove(qsub)

	qsub = newQSub("*.bar", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 0)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar.baz", 0, 0)
	sl.Remove(qsub)

	qsub = newQSub("*", "bar")
	sl.Insert(qsub)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo", 0, 1)
	require_NumInterest(t, "foo.bar", 0, 0)
	sl.Remove(qsub)
}

func subsInit(pre string, toks []string) {
	var sub string
	for _, t := range toks {
		if len(pre) > 0 {
			sub = pre + tsep + t
		} else {
			sub = t
		}
		benchSublistSubs = append(benchSublistSubs, newSub(sub))
		if len(strings.Split(sub, tsep)) < 5 {
			subsInit(sub, toks)
		}
	}
}

func addWildcards() {
	benchSublistSl.Insert(newSub("cloud.>"))
	benchSublistSl.Insert(newSub("cloud.nats.component.>"))
	benchSublistSl.Insert(newSub("cloud.*.*.nkeys.*"))
}

// -- Benchmarks Setup End --

func Benchmark______________________SublistInsert(b *testing.B) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	for i, l := 0, len(benchSublistSubs); i < b.N; i++ {
		index := i % l
		s.Insert(benchSublistSubs[index])
	}
}

func Benchmark_______________SublistInsertNoCache(b *testing.B) {
	s := NewSublistNoCache()
	for i, l := 0, len(benchSublistSubs); i < b.N; i++ {
		index := i % l
		s.Insert(benchSublistSubs[index])
	}
}

func benchSublistTokens(b *testing.B, tokens string) {
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		benchSublistSl.Match(tokens)
	}
}

func Benchmark____________SublistMatchSingleToken(b *testing.B) {
	benchSublistTokens(b, "synadia")
}

func Benchmark______________SublistMatchTwoTokens(b *testing.B) {
	benchSublistTokens(b, "synadia.nats")
}

func Benchmark____________SublistMatchThreeTokens(b *testing.B) {
	benchSublistTokens(b, "synadia.nats.jetstream")
}

func Benchmark_____________SublistMatchFourTokens(b *testing.B) {
	benchSublistTokens(b, "synadia.nats.jetstream.nkeys")
}

func Benchmark_SublistMatchFourTokensSingleResult(b *testing.B) {
	benchSublistTokens(b, "synadia.nats.jetstream.nkeys")
}

func Benchmark_SublistMatchFourTokensMultiResults(b *testing.B) {
	benchSublistTokens(b, "cloud.nats.component.router")
}

func Benchmark_______SublistMissOnLastTokenOfFive(b *testing.B) {
	benchSublistTokens(b, "synadia.nats.jetstream.nkeys.ZZZZ")
}

func multiRead(b *testing.B, num int) {
	var swg, fwg sync.WaitGroup
	swg.Add(num)
	fwg.Add(num)
	s := "synadia.nats.jetstream.nkeys"
	for i := 0; i < num; i++ {
		go func() {
			swg.Done()
			swg.Wait()
			n := b.N / num
			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
				benchSublistSl.Match(s)
			}
			fwg.Done()
		}()
	}
	swg.Wait()
	b.ResetTimer()
	fwg.Wait()
}

func Benchmark____________Sublist10XMultipleReads(b *testing.B) {
	multiRead(b, 10)
}

func Benchmark___________Sublist100XMultipleReads(b *testing.B) {
	multiRead(b, 100)
}

func Benchmark__________Sublist1000XMultipleReads(b *testing.B) {
	multiRead(b, 1000)
}

func Benchmark________________SublistMatchLiteral(b *testing.B) {
	cachedSubj := "foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo"
	subjects := []string{
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.>",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.>",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.>",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.>",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.>",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.>",
		"foo.foo.foo.>",
		"foo.foo.>",
		"foo.>",
		">",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.*",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.*.*",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.*.*.*",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.*.*.*.*",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.foo.*.*.*.*.*",
		"foo.foo.foo.foo.*.*.*.*.*.*",
		"foo.foo.foo.*.*.*.*.*.*.*",
		"foo.foo.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*",
		"foo.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*",
		"*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*",
	}
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		for _, subject := range subjects {
			if !matchLiteral(cachedSubj, subject) {
				b.Fatalf("Subject %q no match with %q", cachedSubj, subject)
			}
		}
	}
}

func Benchmark_____SublistMatch10kSubsWithNoCache(b *testing.B) {
	var nsubs = 512
	s := NewSublistNoCache()
	subject := "foo"
	for i := 0; i < nsubs; i++ {
		s.Insert(newSub(subject))
	}
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		r := s.Match(subject)
		if len(r.psubs) != nsubs {
			b.Fatalf("Results len is %d, should be %d", len(r.psubs), nsubs)
		}
	}
}

func removeTest(b *testing.B, singleSubject, doBatch bool, qgroup string) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	subject := "foo"

	subs := make([]*subscription, 0, b.N)
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		var sub *subscription
		if singleSubject {
			sub = newQSub(subject, qgroup)
		} else {
			sub = newQSub(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d\n", subject, i), qgroup)
		}
		s.Insert(sub)
		subs = append(subs, sub)
	}

	// Actual test on Remove
	b.ResetTimer()
	if doBatch {
		s.RemoveBatch(subs)
	} else {
		for _, sub := range subs {
			s.Remove(sub)
		}
	}
}

func Benchmark__________SublistRemove1TokenSingle(b *testing.B) {
	removeTest(b, true, false, "")
}

func Benchmark___________SublistRemove1TokenBatch(b *testing.B) {
	removeTest(b, true, true, "")
}

func Benchmark_________SublistRemove2TokensSingle(b *testing.B) {
	removeTest(b, false, false, "")
}

func Benchmark__________SublistRemove2TokensBatch(b *testing.B) {
	removeTest(b, false, true, "")
}

func Benchmark________SublistRemove1TokenQGSingle(b *testing.B) {
	removeTest(b, true, false, "bar")
}

func Benchmark_________SublistRemove1TokenQGBatch(b *testing.B) {
	removeTest(b, true, true, "bar")
}

func removeMultiTest(b *testing.B, singleSubject, doBatch bool) {
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	subject := "foo"
	var swg, fwg sync.WaitGroup
	swg.Add(b.N)
	fwg.Add(b.N)

	// We will have b.N go routines each with 1k subscriptions.
	sc := 1000

	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		go func() {
			subs := make([]*subscription, 0, sc)
			for n := 0; n < sc; n++ {
				var sub *subscription
				if singleSubject {
					sub = newSub(subject)
				} else {
					sub = newSub(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d\n", subject, n))
				}
				s.Insert(sub)
				subs = append(subs, sub)
			}
			// Wait to start test
			swg.Done()
			swg.Wait()
			// Actual test on Remove
			if doBatch {
				s.RemoveBatch(subs)
			} else {
				for _, sub := range subs {
					s.Remove(sub)
				}
			}
			fwg.Done()
		}()
	}
	swg.Wait()
	b.ResetTimer()
	fwg.Wait()
}

// Check contention rates for remove from multiple Go routines.
// Reason for BatchRemove.
func Benchmark_________SublistRemove1kSingleMulti(b *testing.B) {
	removeMultiTest(b, true, false)
}

// Batch version
func Benchmark__________SublistRemove1kBatchMulti(b *testing.B) {
	removeMultiTest(b, true, true)
}

func Benchmark__SublistRemove1kSingle2TokensMulti(b *testing.B) {
	removeMultiTest(b, false, false)
}

// Batch version
func Benchmark___SublistRemove1kBatch2TokensMulti(b *testing.B) {
	removeMultiTest(b, false, true)
}

// Cache contention tests
func cacheContentionTest(b *testing.B, numMatchers, numAdders, numRemovers int) {
	var swg, fwg, mwg sync.WaitGroup
	total := numMatchers + numAdders + numRemovers
	swg.Add(total)
	fwg.Add(total)
	mwg.Add(numMatchers)

	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	subs := make([]*subscription, 0, 8192)

	quitCh := make(chan struct{})

	// Set up a new sublist. subjects will be foo.bar.baz.N
	s := NewSublistWithCache()
	mu.Lock()
	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
		sub := newSub(fmt.Sprintf("foo.bar.baz.%d", i))
		s.Insert(sub)
		subs = append(subs, sub)
	}
	mu.Unlock()

	// Now warm up the cache
	for i := 0; i < slCacheMax; i++ {
		s.Match(fmt.Sprintf("foo.bar.baz.%d", i))
	}

	// Setup go routines.

	// Adders
	for i := 0; i < numAdders; i++ {
		go func() {
			swg.Done()
			swg.Wait()
			for {
				select {
				case <-quitCh:
					fwg.Done()
					return
				default:
					mu.Lock()
					next := len(subs)
					subj := "foo.bar.baz." + strconv.FormatInt(int64(next), 10)
					sub := newSub(subj)
					subs = append(subs, sub)
					mu.Unlock()
					s.Insert(sub)
				}
			}
		}()
	}

	// Removers
	for i := 0; i < numRemovers; i++ {
		go func() {
			prand := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
			swg.Done()
			swg.Wait()
			for {
				select {
				case <-quitCh:
					fwg.Done()
					return
				default:
					mu.RLock()
					lh := len(subs) - 1
					index := prand.Intn(lh)
					sub := subs[index]
					mu.RUnlock()
					s.Remove(sub)
				}
			}
		}()
	}

	// Matchers
	for i := 0; i < numMatchers; i++ {
		go func() {
			id := nuid.New()
			swg.Done()
			swg.Wait()

			// We will miss on purpose to blow the cache.
			n := b.N / numMatchers
			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
				subj := "foo.bar.baz." + id.Next()
				s.Match(subj)
			}
			mwg.Done()
			fwg.Done()
		}()
	}

	swg.Wait()
	b.ResetTimer()
	mwg.Wait()
	b.StopTimer()
	close(quitCh)
	fwg.Wait()
}

func Benchmark____SublistCacheContention10M10A10R(b *testing.B) {
	cacheContentionTest(b, 10, 10, 10)
}

func Benchmark_SublistCacheContention100M100A100R(b *testing.B) {
	cacheContentionTest(b, 100, 100, 100)
}

func Benchmark____SublistCacheContention1kM1kA1kR(b *testing.B) {
	cacheContentionTest(b, 1024, 1024, 1024)
}

func Benchmark_SublistCacheContention10kM10kA10kR(b *testing.B) {
	cacheContentionTest(b, 10*1024, 10*1024, 10*1024)
}

func Benchmark______________IsValidLiteralSubject(b *testing.B) {
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		IsValidLiteralSubject("foo.bar.baz.22")
	}
}

func Benchmark___________________subjectIsLiteral(b *testing.B) {
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		subjectIsLiteral("foo.bar.baz.22")
	}
}

// Test to determine the fastest way to match a filter
// with wildcards against a literal subject.
func Benchmark_SubjectFilterMatchers(b *testing.B) {
	cases := []struct {
		name    string
		subject string
		filter  string
		want    bool
	}{
		{
			name:    "short_single_wc_match",
			subject: "foo.baz.12345",
			filter:  "foo.baz.*",
			want:    true,
		},
		{
			name:    "short_mixed_wc_match",
			subject: "foo.baz.12345",
			filter:  "foo.*.>",
			want:    true,
		},
		{
			name:    "long_single_wc_match",
			subject: "foo.alpha.beta.gamma.delta.epsilon.zeta.12345",
			filter:  "foo.alpha.beta.gamma.delta.epsilon.zeta.*",
			want:    true,
		},
		{
			name:    "long_many_wc_late_mismatch",
			subject: "foo.alpha.beta.gamma.delta.epsilon.zeta.12345",
			filter:  "foo.*.*.*.*.*.*.99999",
			want:    false,
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range cases {
		b.Run(tc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
			b.Run("subjectIsSubsetMatch", func(b *testing.B) {
				var matched bool
				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
					matched = subjectIsSubsetMatch(tc.subject, tc.filter)
				}
				if matched != tc.want {
					b.Fatalf("unexpected result: got %v, want %v", matched, tc.want)
				}
			})
			b.Run("matchLiteral", func(b *testing.B) {
				var matched bool
				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
					matched = matchLiteral(tc.subject, tc.filter)
				}
				if matched != tc.want {
					b.Fatalf("unexpected result: got %v, want %v", matched, tc.want)
				}
			})
		})
	}
}
