"""
Item Exporters are used to export/serialize items into different formats.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import csv
import marshal
import pickle
import pprint
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
from xml.sax.saxutils import XMLGenerator
from xml.sax.xmlreader import AttributesImpl

from itemadapter import ItemAdapter, is_item

from scrapy.item import Field, Item
from scrapy.utils.python import is_listlike, to_bytes, to_unicode
from scrapy.utils.serialize import ScrapyJSONEncoder

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from json import JSONEncoder

__all__ = [
    "BaseItemExporter",
    "CsvItemExporter",
    "JsonItemExporter",
    "JsonLinesItemExporter",
    "MarshalItemExporter",
    "PickleItemExporter",
    "PprintItemExporter",
    "XmlItemExporter",
]


class BaseItemExporter(ABC):
    def __init__(self, *, dont_fail: bool = False, **kwargs: Any):
        self._kwargs: dict[str, Any] = kwargs
        self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=dont_fail)

    def _configure(self, options: dict[str, Any], dont_fail: bool = False) -> None:
        """Configure the exporter by popping options from the ``options`` dict.
        If dont_fail is set, it won't raise an exception on unexpected options
        (useful for using with keyword arguments in subclasses ``__init__`` methods)
        """
        self.encoding: str | None = options.pop("encoding", None)
        self.fields_to_export: Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[str] | None = options.pop(
            "fields_to_export", None
        )
        self.export_empty_fields: bool = options.pop("export_empty_fields", False)
        self.indent: int | None = options.pop("indent", None)
        if not dont_fail and options:
            raise TypeError(f"Unexpected options: {', '.join(options.keys())}")

    @abstractmethod
    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError

    def serialize_field(
        self, field: Mapping[str, Any] | Field, name: str, value: Any
    ) -> Any:
        serializer: Callable[[Any], Any] = field.get("serializer", lambda x: x)
        return serializer(value)

    def start_exporting(self) -> None:  # noqa: B027
        pass

    def finish_exporting(self) -> None:  # noqa: B027
        pass

    def _get_serialized_fields(
        self, item: Any, default_value: Any = None, include_empty: bool | None = None
    ) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Any]]:
        """Return the fields to export as an iterable of tuples
        (name, serialized_value)
        """
        item = ItemAdapter(item)

        if include_empty is None:
            include_empty = self.export_empty_fields

        if self.fields_to_export is None:
            field_iter = item.field_names() if include_empty else item.keys()
        elif isinstance(self.fields_to_export, Mapping):
            if include_empty:
                field_iter = self.fields_to_export.items()
            else:
                field_iter = (
                    (x, y) for x, y in self.fields_to_export.items() if x in item
                )
        elif include_empty:
            field_iter = self.fields_to_export
        else:
            field_iter = (x for x in self.fields_to_export if x in item)

        for field_name in field_iter:
            if isinstance(field_name, str):
                item_field, output_field = field_name, field_name
            else:
                item_field, output_field = field_name
            if item_field in item:
                field_meta = item.get_field_meta(item_field)
                value = self.serialize_field(field_meta, output_field, item[item_field])
            else:
                value = default_value

            yield output_field, value


class JsonLinesItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    def __init__(self, file: BytesIO, **kwargs: Any):
        super().__init__(dont_fail=True, **kwargs)
        self.file: BytesIO = file
        self._kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", not self.encoding)
        self.encoder: JSONEncoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**self._kwargs)

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        itemdict = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
        data = self.encoder.encode(itemdict) + "\n"
        self.file.write(to_bytes(data, self.encoding))


class JsonItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    def __init__(self, file: BytesIO, **kwargs: Any):
        super().__init__(dont_fail=True, **kwargs)
        self.file: BytesIO = file
        # there is a small difference between the behaviour or JsonItemExporter.indent
        # and ScrapyJSONEncoder.indent. ScrapyJSONEncoder.indent=None is needed to prevent
        # the addition of newlines everywhere
        json_indent = (
            self.indent if self.indent is not None and self.indent > 0 else None
        )
        self._kwargs.setdefault("indent", json_indent)
        self._kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", not self.encoding)
        self.encoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**self._kwargs)
        self.first_item = True

    def _beautify_newline(self) -> None:
        if self.indent is not None:
            self.file.write(b"\n")

    def _add_comma_after_first(self) -> None:
        if self.first_item:
            self.first_item = False
        else:
            self.file.write(b",")
            self._beautify_newline()

    def start_exporting(self) -> None:
        self.file.write(b"[")
        self._beautify_newline()

    def finish_exporting(self) -> None:
        self._beautify_newline()
        self.file.write(b"]")

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        itemdict = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
        data = to_bytes(self.encoder.encode(itemdict), self.encoding)
        self._add_comma_after_first()
        self.file.write(data)


class XmlItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    def __init__(self, file: BytesIO, **kwargs: Any):
        self.item_element = kwargs.pop("item_element", "item")
        self.root_element = kwargs.pop("root_element", "items")
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        if not self.encoding:
            self.encoding = "utf-8"
        self.xg = XMLGenerator(file, encoding=self.encoding)

    def _beautify_newline(self, new_item: bool = False) -> None:
        if self.indent is not None and (self.indent > 0 or new_item):
            self.xg.characters("\n")

    def _beautify_indent(self, depth: int = 1) -> None:
        if self.indent:
            self.xg.characters(" " * self.indent * depth)

    def start_exporting(self) -> None:
        self.xg.startDocument()
        self.xg.startElement(self.root_element, AttributesImpl({}))
        self._beautify_newline(new_item=True)

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        self._beautify_indent(depth=1)
        self.xg.startElement(self.item_element, AttributesImpl({}))
        self._beautify_newline()
        for name, value in self._get_serialized_fields(item, default_value=""):
            self._export_xml_field(name, value, depth=2)
        self._beautify_indent(depth=1)
        self.xg.endElement(self.item_element)
        self._beautify_newline(new_item=True)

    def finish_exporting(self) -> None:
        self.xg.endElement(self.root_element)
        self.xg.endDocument()

    def _export_xml_field(self, name: str, serialized_value: Any, depth: int) -> None:
        self._beautify_indent(depth=depth)
        self.xg.startElement(name, AttributesImpl({}))
        if hasattr(serialized_value, "items"):
            self._beautify_newline()
            for subname, value in serialized_value.items():
                self._export_xml_field(subname, value, depth=depth + 1)
            self._beautify_indent(depth=depth)
        elif is_listlike(serialized_value):
            self._beautify_newline()
            for value in serialized_value:
                self._export_xml_field("value", value, depth=depth + 1)
            self._beautify_indent(depth=depth)
        elif isinstance(serialized_value, str):
            self.xg.characters(serialized_value)
        else:
            self.xg.characters(str(serialized_value))
        self.xg.endElement(name)
        self._beautify_newline()


class CsvItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    def __init__(
        self,
        file: BytesIO,
        include_headers_line: bool = True,
        join_multivalued: str = ",",
        errors: str | None = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ):
        super().__init__(dont_fail=True, **kwargs)
        if not self.encoding:
            self.encoding = "utf-8"
        self.include_headers_line = include_headers_line
        self.stream = TextIOWrapper(
            file,
            line_buffering=False,
            write_through=True,
            encoding=self.encoding,
            newline="",  # Windows needs this https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/3034
            errors=errors,
        )
        self.csv_writer = csv.writer(self.stream, **self._kwargs)
        self._headers_not_written = True
        self._join_multivalued = join_multivalued

    def serialize_field(
        self, field: Mapping[str, Any] | Field, name: str, value: Any
    ) -> Any:
        serializer: Callable[[Any], Any] = field.get("serializer", self._join_if_needed)
        return serializer(value)

    def _join_if_needed(self, value: Any) -> Any:
        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            try:
                return self._join_multivalued.join(value)
            except TypeError:  # list in value may not contain strings
                pass
        return value

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        if self._headers_not_written:
            self._headers_not_written = False
            self._write_headers_and_set_fields_to_export(item)

        fields = self._get_serialized_fields(item, default_value="", include_empty=True)
        values = list(self._build_row(x for _, x in fields))
        self.csv_writer.writerow(values)

    def finish_exporting(self) -> None:
        self.stream.detach()  # Avoid closing the wrapped file.

    def _build_row(self, values: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterable[Any]:
        for s in values:
            try:
                yield to_unicode(s, self.encoding)
            except TypeError:
                yield s

    def _write_headers_and_set_fields_to_export(self, item: Any) -> None:
        if self.include_headers_line:
            if not self.fields_to_export:
                # use declared field names, or keys if the item is a dict
                self.fields_to_export = ItemAdapter(item).field_names()
            fields: Iterable[str]
            if isinstance(self.fields_to_export, Mapping):
                fields = self.fields_to_export.values()
            else:
                assert self.fields_to_export
                fields = self.fields_to_export
            row = list(self._build_row(fields))
            self.csv_writer.writerow(row)


class PickleItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    def __init__(self, file: BytesIO, protocol: int = 4, **kwargs: Any):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.file: BytesIO = file
        self.protocol: int = protocol

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        d = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
        pickle.dump(d, self.file, self.protocol)


class MarshalItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    """Exports items in a Python-specific binary format (see
    :mod:`marshal`).

    :param file: The file-like object to use for exporting the data. Its
                 ``write`` method should accept :class:`bytes` (a disk file
                 opened in binary mode, a :class:`~io.BytesIO` object, etc)
    """

    def __init__(self, file: BytesIO, **kwargs: Any):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.file: BytesIO = file

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        marshal.dump(dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item)), self.file)


class PprintItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    def __init__(self, file: BytesIO, **kwargs: Any):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.file: BytesIO = file

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
        itemdict = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
        self.file.write(to_bytes(pprint.pformat(itemdict) + "\n"))


class PythonItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
    """This is a base class for item exporters that extends
    :class:`BaseItemExporter` with support for nested items.

    It serializes items to built-in Python types, so that any serialization
    library (e.g. :mod:`json` or msgpack_) can be used on top of it.

    .. _msgpack: https://pypi.org/project/msgpack/
    """

    def _configure(self, options: dict[str, Any], dont_fail: bool = False) -> None:
        super()._configure(options, dont_fail)
        if not self.encoding:
            self.encoding = "utf-8"

    def serialize_field(
        self, field: Mapping[str, Any] | Field, name: str, value: Any
    ) -> Any:
        serializer: Callable[[Any], Any] = field.get(
            "serializer", self._serialize_value
        )
        return serializer(value)

    def _serialize_value(self, value: Any) -> Any:
        if isinstance(value, Item):
            return self.export_item(value)
        if isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
            return to_unicode(value, encoding=self.encoding)
        if is_item(value):
            return dict(self._serialize_item(value))
        if is_listlike(value):
            return [self._serialize_value(v) for v in value]
        return value

    def _serialize_item(self, item: Any) -> Iterable[tuple[str | bytes, Any]]:
        for key, value in ItemAdapter(item).items():
            yield key, self._serialize_value(value)

    def export_item(self, item: Any) -> dict[str | bytes, Any]:  # type: ignore[override]
        result: dict[str | bytes, Any] = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
        return result
